Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/ Lou Gehrig’s disease/ Motor Neuron disease is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. Usually occur after the age of 50 years. Males have a slightly higher predisposition. Only 5 to 10% are familial.

Symptoms

• ALS can follow different patterns. Early symptoms include weakness and wasting of limb muscles, tingling in arms and legs, muscle cramps.
• As the disease progresses, the muscle may become small and stiff and the person may lose their ability to move independently, to swallow and to breath.

Diagnosis

• Diagnosis is mainly based on symptoms and neurological examination.
• Electromyogram (EMG) may be used to confirm the typical features of widespread denervation.

Treatment

• There is no cure of ALS.
• Treatment includes multidisciplinary approach including a team of physiotherapist, speech and occupational therapist, dietitians palliative care specialist providing ventilatory and feeding support.